Glossary: NFC, vCard, QR and UPI Terms for Business Cards
Plain-English definitions

The words behind NFC and digital business cards

21 terms you will meet on a card, a bill or a regulator's page, each with what it means on your visiting card and where the fact comes from.

Written by , Managing PartnerPublished

You only need two of these words to use a digital card: NFC, the short-range radio that lets a phone read the card with a tap, and QR code, the printed backup. The rest, from NDEF and vCard to HUID and RERA, explain what sits behind them. Every definition names the standard, maker or regulator it comes from.

Sources: NFC Forum, DENSO WAVE

A to Z

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Search by word, pick a group, or jump to a term from the list. Each card says what the word means, then what it means for your visiting card.

Dynamic QR

Contacts and QR codes

The word has two uses. In UPI, NPCI's specification calls a code dynamic when it carries other details, such as a bill number or an amount. In QR software, it usually means a code that holds a short redirect link, so the place it points to can change after printing. The second use is trade language, not a standard.

On your card. Your profile QR holds your profile link. You can edit the profile as often as you like and the printed code keeps working.

FSSAI licence number

Rules by trade

Food Safety and Standards Authority of India

A 14-digit number for a licensed or registered food business. FSSAI says it must be on cash receipts, invoices and bills, and that anyone can check a business in the Food Safety Connect app.

On your card. It helps to show it on the profile beside the menu, so a guest can check you.

HUID

Rules by trade

Hallmarking Unique Identification

A six-digit alphanumeric number that is unique for each hallmarked piece of jewellery and can be traced. BIS says that since 1 July 2021 a hallmark has three marks: the BIS logo, the purity in carat and fineness, and the HUID.

On your card. It belongs to one physical piece, so a catalogue can show it only for a piece that is still in stock.

IS 19000:2022

Rules by trade

An Indian standard on online consumer reviews: how they are collected, moderated and published. The Bureau of Indian Standards notified it as a voluntary standard for every online platform that publishes reviews.

On your card. It matters when you ask customers for Google reviews. Read it before you set up a review button.

Lead capture

On a Beeps profile

A form on your profile that sends a visitor's name, email, phone and message to you.

On your card. Enquiry form and lead capture is a Basic-plan feature. The visitor does not have to save anything first.

NDEF

Card technology

NFC Data Exchange Format

The standard way to store a message, such as a web link, on a tag so that any phone can read it. A link is stored as a URI record, and common beginnings such as https:// are compressed to a single byte.

On your card. This is why one card works on any modern phone, whatever the brand.

NFC

Card technology

Near Field Communication

A short-range radio that connects two devices, or a device and a tag, when they are held together. The NFC Forum, which writes the standard, gives a typical range of up to 2 cm.

On your card. It is why a phone can open your profile with one tap and no app.

NFC tag

Card technology

A small chip with an antenna, usually set inside a card or a sticker. It has no battery. The phone's radio field powers it for the moment of the tap, and it hands over what is stored on it.

On your card. Your NFC card is a tag that holds one link to your profile.

NTAG

Card technology

NXP's tag chip family

A family of tag chips from NXP Semiconductors. The NTAG 213, 215 and 216 hold 144, 504 and 888 bytes of user memory, and NXP rates them for 10 years of data retention.

On your card. A profile link takes a few dozen bytes, so even the smallest of these chips has room to spare.

QR code

Contacts and QR codes

Quick Response code

A square barcode that a phone camera reads. DENSO WAVE, the company that made it, released the QR code in 1994 and still publishes the guidance on printing one.

On your card. Every profile has its own QR code, for the places where a tap is not possible.

QR error correction

Contacts and QR codes

Four levels that let a QR code still scan when part of it is dirty or damaged. DENSO says level M, which recovers about 15%, is the one most often chosen.

On your card. A higher level survives more damage, but it makes the code bigger, so each square prints smaller.

Source: DENSO WAVE

QR version

Contacts and QR codes

The size of the grid in a QR code. Version 1 is 21 x 21 modules, each higher version adds 4 modules on every side, and the largest is 177 x 177.

On your card. A longer link needs a higher version and smaller squares. A short link keeps the code easy to scan.

Source: DENSO WAVE

Quiet zone

Contacts and QR codes

The plain blank border around a QR code. DENSO WAVE asks for a border four modules wide, where a module is one of the small squares.

On your card. Keep the border empty when you print the code on a card, a standee or a door sticker.

Source: DENSO WAVE

Reader/writer mode

Card technology

The mode a phone uses to read a tag, or write to one. The NFC Forum lists it beside card emulation mode, which is what the phone uses to pay or to show a ticket.

On your card. Opening your visiting card is reader mode. Paying at a shop counter is card emulation.

RERA registration number

Rules by trade

Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016

The Act makes real estate agents register with their state regulator. Kerala's regulator says the agent registration number shall be quoted in every sale and in all advertisements, and ties this to Section 9(5) of the Act. Other states have their own regulator, so check yours.

On your card. Put your number where a buyer sees it before they call.

Static QR

Contacts and QR codes

A QR code that holds its content as it is. To change the content you print a new code. In UPI, NPCI's specification describes a static code as one holding the payee address and name, where the payer types in the amount.

On your card. It suits a sign that never changes. For a card you will hand out for years, a code that points to a profile is safer.

Two-way contact exchange

On a Beeps profile

The visitor can leave their own name and number with you, and not only save yours.

On your card. It is a Basic-plan feature, so every plan has it. It suits events, where a saved card is useful only if you can also reach the person.

UCPMP

Rules by trade

Uniform Code for Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices

The code that governs how drug companies market to doctors and chemists. The 2024 code defines a medical representative and says companies are responsible for the activities of their employees.

On your card. It is the code a medical representative's profile has to sit inside.

UPI ID (VPA)

Payments

Virtual Payment Address

The address a payer's UPI app sends money to, written like yourname@bank. In NPCI's linking specification, the payee field of a payment link is called pa and is described as the payee VPA.

On your card. Direct UPI payments are a Pro-plan feature, from ₹299 a year.

vCard

Contacts and QR codes

a contact file format

A file format for a person's contact details: names, addresses, email, phone numbers, a photo or a logo. It is defined in RFC 6350, its media type is text/vcard, and files usually end in .vcf.

On your card. The save-contact button hands the phone a vCard, so your details land in the address book and not in a screenshot.

Watch for these

Three words that change meaning between pages

Suppliers use some of these words loosely. Knowing the second meaning stops you comparing two things that are not the same.

Words that mean one thing in this glossary and another elsewhere
WordIn this glossaryAlso used to mean
vCardIn this glossaryThe contact file format in RFC 6350.Also used to meanSome Indian card makers call the whole digital profile a vCard, and sell it as a "multi-vCard" plan. On this site the profile is the profile, and a vCard is the file it gives your phone.
Dynamic QRIn this glossaryIn UPI, a code that carries details such as an amount.Also used to meanIn QR software, a code that holds a redirect link, so its target can change after printing.
Licence numberIn this glossaryThe 14-digit FSSAI number.Also used to meanFSSAI gives the same 14-digit form of number to licensed and to registered food businesses, so "licence number" and "registration number" often mean the same thing on a bill.

Why this matters when you buy. A supplier that offers a "dynamic QR" may mean a link you can edit, and one that offers a "vCard" may mean a whole profile. Ask what you actually get. The comparison pages list what each maker includes, and the pros and cons guide covers the trade-offs of the card itself.

FAQ

Glossary questions

What does NDEF mean on an NFC card?

NDEF stands for NFC Data Exchange Format. It is the standard way to store a message, such as a web link, on a tag so any phone can read it. Your card holds one link in this format, which is why the same card works on iPhone and Android.

Sources: Android Developers

Is a vCard the same as a digital visiting card?

No. A vCard is a file format for contact details, defined in RFC 6350. A digital visiting card is a web page with your details, buttons and links. The page can offer a vCard for download so a visitor can save you in one tap.

Sources: IETF (RFC Editor)

Which of these terms do I need to know before I buy a card?

Two: NFC, which is how the tap works, and QR code, which is the backup for phones or places where a tap is not possible. The rest are here for when you meet the word, on a bill, in a regulator's guideline or on a supplier's page.

Are the trade rules in this glossary legal advice?

No. Each rule term gives a short, plain reading of what the regulator published and links to the source. Rules change and states differ, so read the current text or ask your council or a lawyer before you rely on it.

Sources

Each definition rests on the body that publishes the fact: the NFC Forum, NXP, Android developers, the IETF, DENSO WAVE, NPCI, BIS, K-RERA, FSSAI, the Press Information Bureau and the Department of Pharmaceuticals. The NPCI specification is read through a copy, because NPCI's own link no longer works. Each was read on the date shown.

  1. NFC Forum, NFC Technology - Technical Overview. Checked .
  2. NXP Semiconductors, NTAG 213/215/216: NFC Forum Type 2 Tag compliant IC with 144/504/888 bytes user memory. Checked .
  3. Android Developers, NdefRecord (API reference). Checked .
  4. IETF (RFC Editor), RFC 6350 - vCard Format Specification. Checked .
  5. DENSO WAVE, History of QR Code. Checked .
  6. DENSO WAVE, Point for determining the code area. Checked .
  7. DENSO WAVE, Error correction feature. Checked .
  8. DENSO WAVE, Information capacity and versions of QR Code. Checked .
  9. NPCI (copy hosted by labnol.org), UPI Linking Specifications, version 1.6 (November 2017). Checked .
  10. Bureau of Indian Standards, Hallmarking FAQs - General. Checked .
  11. Kerala Real Estate Regulatory Authority (K-RERA), Guidelines for Agents. Checked .
  12. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, Frequently Asked Questions on FSSAI License and Registration (last updated 21 July 2022). Checked .
  13. Press Information Bureau (Department of Consumer Affairs), Centre launches framework for safeguarding and protecting consumer interest from fake and deceptive reviews in e-commerce (21 November 2022). Checked .
  14. Press Information Bureau (Department of Consumer Affairs), Bureau of Indian Standards notifies framework on fake and deceptive reviews (21 December 2022). Checked .
  15. Department of Pharmaceuticals, Government of India, Uniform Code for Pharmaceuticals Marketing Practices (UCPMP) 2024, updated as on 1 September 2025 (Circular No. 3 of 2025). Checked .

Back to the start: the complete NFC business card guide.

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